Bustling international street market at sunset with multilingual signs.
Unit 1 · Around the World

1B. Lost in translation

B2 · 60–75 min · Apex English

Unit 1 · Quote
A different language is a different vision of life.
Federico Fellini
Lesson goals

By the end you will…

  • Use auxiliary verbs for emphasis, agreement and short answers.
  • Use the…, the… + comparatives to talk about parallel change.
  • Describe people, places and experiences with compound adjectives and modifiers.
  • Recognise and produce natural English sentence rhythm.
1. Warm-up

Warm-up

5 min

In pairs or on your own, think for one minute about each prompt.

  1. What's the most embarrassing language mistake you've ever made — or witnessed?
  2. Which language do you wish you spoke fluently? Why?
  3. Have you ever laughed out loud at a bad translation on a menu or sign?
2. Lead-in

Lead-in: what would you say?

8 min

Imagine you're abroad and you don't really speak the local language. For each scenario, decide what you would actually do — then compare with a partner. There are no wrong answers, only honest ones.

🍽️

The menu of mystery

You're in a tiny family restaurant. The menu is in a language you don't read and there are no pictures. The waiter is waiting.

  • a.Point at any random dish and hope for the best.
  • b.Show your translation app and let it do the talking.
  • c.Smile, mime eating, and ask 'What do YOU recommend?' in English.
  • d.Order the only word you recognise — even if it's a side dish.
🚉

Wrong platform

A stranger on the train platform is asking you something urgent. You catch one word: 'Lisboa'. The train is leaving in two minutes.

  • a.Say 'sorry, no' and walk away.
  • b.Pull out your phone and start typing into a translator.
  • c.Use gestures and the few words you know to help.
  • d.Find someone else who looks bilingual and pass it on.
🎉

Dinner with the in-laws

Your partner's family is hosting you. Everyone is speaking fast in a language you barely understand. They keep looking at you and laughing kindly.

  • a.Laugh along even when you have no idea what's happening.
  • b.Ask your partner to translate every single sentence.
  • c.Try one phrase you've practised — even if it's wrong.
  • d.Quietly enjoy the food and let the conversation flow.

💬 Which scenario would stress you out the most? Have you been in something like this before? Tell the story.

Hands turning the pages of an old family photo album
Every album is a stack of past simple sentences waiting to be told.
3. Reading

Reading: The myth of the perfect translator

10 min

It's a deeply-held belief among monolingual travellers that a good translation app will soon make language learning unnecessary. The more powerful the technology gets, the less effort we'll need to make. Or so the theory goes.

In reality, the opposite often happens. The more you depend on instant translation, the harder real conversation becomes. You stop noticing tone, you miss jokes, and you replace warm, slightly awkward human contact with a screen.

Professional translators know this better than anyone. "A sentence doesn't carry just information — it carries identity, history, humour, hesitation," says Aiko Tanaka, a Tokyo-based interpreter. "A machine handles the words. It doesn't handle the silences."

So do tourists really need to learn the language? Honestly, even fifty words help. Locals warm up to anyone who tries. And the more you try, the more confident you feel — even when you get it wrong.

Comprehension

  1. What does the writer suggest happens when we over-rely on translation apps?

  2. According to Aiko Tanaka, what do machines NOT handle well?

  3. What is the writer's advice to tourists?

  4. The phrase "warm up to" in paragraph 4 means…

Vocabulary in context

Find these in the text and match them to the closest meaning.

  • deeply-held
  • monolingual
  • Tokyo-based
  • well-meaning
  • warm up to
  • even when
4. Vocabulary

Vocabulary: compound adjectives & modifiers

10 min

Compound adjectives

open-minded
willing to consider new ideas
well-travelled
having visited many places
self-taught
having learned without a teacher
Spanish-speaking
where Spanish is spoken / who speaks Spanish
long-haul
(of flights) very long
last-minute
done at the very latest moment
world-famous
famous everywhere
easy-going
relaxed, not easily upset

Modifiers

absolutely
100% — used with strong / non-gradable adjectives (exhausted, brilliant)
completely
totally — used with strong / non-gradable adjectives (impossible, wrong)
really
very — works with most adjectives (really tired, really good)
quite
(BrE) fairly with normal adj. / completely with strong adj. (quite tired / quite right)
fairly
a bit less than 'very' (fairly easy)
a bit / a little
slightly — usually with negative adjectives (a bit tired)

Practice

Complete the sentences with ONE compound adjective or modifier.

Word bank — drag or tap, then tap a gap
  1. She's really  drop  — she's lived on four continents.
  2. I'm  drop  exhausted. I can't move.
  3. We booked a  drop  flight to Cape Town and couldn't sleep at all.
  4. He learned Korean without ever taking a class. He's  drop .
  5. It was a  drop  decision — we left the next morning.
  6. The food was  drop  delicious, honestly the best meal of the trip.
  7. She's a really  drop  traveller — nothing ever stresses her out.
  8. Sorry, I'm a  drop  tired — could we slow down?
5. Grammar focus

Grammar focus: auxiliary verbs · the…, the… + comparatives

15 min

1. Auxiliary verbs — short answers & agreement

Use the same auxiliary that was used in the question or statement: • Do you speak French? — Yes, I do. / No, I don't. • She's been to Japan. — Has she? / So have I. / Neither have I. If the verb is in a simple present/past, the auxiliary is do / does / did: • He likes karaoke. — Does he? / So do I.

2. Auxiliary verbs — emphasis

Add do / does / did before the main verb for emphasis (stress the auxiliary): • I DO like it. (contradicting someone) • She DID call you — twice.

3. The…, the… + comparatives

Use it to show that two things change together: • The more you practise, the better you get. • The more powerful the technology gets, the less effort we make. • The sooner we leave, the more time we'll have. Form: The + comparative (+ clause), the + comparative (+ clause).

Exercise A — Short answers

Reply with a short answer agreeing (so) or disagreeing (neither), as indicated.

  1. I love long-haul flights. (disagree)
  2. I've never been to Japan. (agree)
  3. She speaks four languages. (agree)
  4. We didn't enjoy the tour. (agree)
  5. He's been studying Italian for years. (disagree)

Exercise B — Add emphasis

Rewrite each sentence to make it more emphatic with do/does/did.

  1. I tried to call you yesterday.
  2. She speaks Mandarin, actually.
  3. We enjoy your stories — really.
  4. He understands more than he says.

Exercise C — The…, the…

Join each pair into ONE sentence using the…, the… + comparatives.

  1. You practise a lot. You speak well.
  2. We left early. We arrived early.
  3. He drank a lot of coffee. He felt nervous.
  4. The city is big. It is hard to get around.
  5. I learned new words. I felt confident.
6. Pronunciation

Pronunciation: sentence rhythm

8 min

English is a stress-timed language: content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) get stressed, and grammar words (auxiliaries, prepositions, articles) get reduced. This creates a regular, almost musical rhythm — and it's what makes natural speech sound natural.

  • STRESS the content words: 'I DO like it.' / 'The MORE you PRACtise, the BETter you GET.'
  • Reduce auxiliaries when they're unstressed: do→/də/, have→/həv/, was→/wəz/.
  • Pause at commas. Don't pause inside a chunk.

Listen and repeat (clap on the stresses)

Read each line aloud, clapping on the CAPITAL words. Aim for steady rhythm.

🎧 Rhythm drill — listen and repeat
  • I DO like it.
  • She DOES speak Spanish.
  • The MORE you READ, the FASter you LEARN.
  • Neither HAVE I.
  • So DOES my BROther.

Practice — read with rhythm

Read each sentence aloud twice: once slowly, once at normal speed.

  1. The harder I try, the worse it sounds.
  2. I did call her — she just didn't answer.
  3. Neither does my mum, actually.
  4. The longer the flight, the more tired I get.
7. Listening / Reading

Listening: A funny misunderstanding

12 min

Sam (American) is telling Lia (Portuguese) about his first day in Lisbon. Read the dialogue, then close it and answer the questions from memory.

🎧 Dialogue: Sam & Lia — the chicken / coffee mix-up

Before you read

  • What kind of mistake do you think Sam made on his first day?
  • How does Lia probably react — laughing, embarrassed, or annoyed?
Dialogue — Sam & Lia

Lia:So, how was your first day? Did you survive?

Sam:I did survive — barely. I made the most embarrassing mistake at a café.

Lia:Oh no. What did you do?

Sam:I wanted an espresso, right? I typed "coffee" into my translation app and it gave me a word. I said it confidently. The waiter just stared.

Lia:What word did it give you?

Sam:Something that turned out to mean "chicken". I basically told the waiter, "One small chicken, please."

Lia:(laughs) Oh, Sam. He must have been so confused.

Sam:He laughed for about a minute, then brought me a coffee anyway. So sweet.

Lia:Honestly? Next time, just point at the menu and smile. The more you trust the app, the worse it gets.

Sam:Yeah, I'm going to actually start learning some Portuguese. Even fifty words would help.

Lia:Now you're talking. The sooner you start, the easier it'll be.

First read — gist

  1. What was Sam trying to order?
  2. What did he actually say?
  3. How did the waiter react?

Second read — detail

  1. Why did Sam confuse the two words?
  2. What did Lia advise him to do next time?
  3. What does Sam say he's going to do now?
8. Speaking

Speaking: language stories

10 min

Choose ONE situation. Use at least one auxiliary for emphasis (DID, DO, DOES) and one the…, the… sentence.

Best language mistake

A: Tell your partner about a real or invented embarrassing language mistake.

B: React with short answers (Did you? / No way!) and ask three follow-up questions.

Language app vs. classroom

A: Argue: apps are enough.

B: Argue: classroom learning beats apps.

Travel advice

A: You're going abroad for the first time and don't speak the language.

B: You speak the language fluently — give honest advice.

9. Writing

Writing mini-task

5 min (or homework)

Write 60–80 words about your relationship with a foreign language. Include: one auxiliary for emphasis (I DO speak…), one the…, the… sentence, and two compound adjectives.

A woman checking her phone outside a small deli on a rainy night
A quiet moment in the city — the story starts here.
10. Wrap-up

Wrap-up

2 min
  • One compound adjective from today you'll use this week.
  • One short-answer reply you'll try next time someone speaks to you in English.
  • One thing in the dialogue that surprised you.
🎮 Games arena

Play to remember

Three quick games. Earn up to ⭐⭐⭐ stars on each.

🃏 Vocabulary flashcards

1 / 12

Click to reveal the meaning

⚡ Word–meaning match (60s)

60s0/8

Tap a word on the left, then its meaning on the right. Beat the clock!

🎧 Listening gap-fill (120s)

120s

Sam:I survive — barely.

Sam:I made the most mistake at a café.

Lia:What word did it give ?

Sam:Something that turned to mean chicken.

Lia:He must been so confused.

Lia:The more you the app, the worse it gets.

Sam:Even fifty words help.

Lia:The sooner you , the easier it'll be.

Listen carefully and type the missing word in each gap before time runs out.

Challenge

End-of-lesson quiz · Lost in translation

8 questions · 70% to pass · instant feedback after you submit.

  1. Q1.Choose the most natural reply: "I've never been to Asia."

  2. Q2.Add emphasis: "I called you yesterday — I promise."

  3. Q3.Complete: "The more you practise, ___."

  4. Q4.Which is a CORRECT short answer to "Does your sister speak French?"

  5. Q5.Which modifier is WRONG with "exhausted"?

  6. Q6.Pick the BEST compound adjective: "She booked the flight five minutes before take-off — really ___ booking!"

  7. Q7.Complete: "The bigger the city, ___"

  8. Q8.Which sentence has correct sentence rhythm (CAPS = stress)?

0/8 answered

📚 Homework

Practise at home

Open the Workbook for extra exercises with answer keys — vocabulary, grammar, reading, listening and challenges.