In many democracies, the law tries to balance two values that often pull in opposite directions: freedom of speech and protection from harm. In the United States, the First Amendment offers almost unlimited legal protection for what a person says, with only very narrow exceptions such as direct threats. In most of Europe, by contrast, there are additional laws against certain forms of hate speech, especially where a group's dignity or safety is directly attacked. Neither system is perfect. Critics of the American model argue that unchecked speech can spread real harm, particularly online. Critics of the European model argue that governments have too much power to decide what can and cannot be said. The debate is not, and probably never will be, a black-and-white one.
