Business English C1 · Lesson 9A

Grammar Bank

The rules behind this lesson — form, use, model sentences and the mistakes to avoid.

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Grammar focus of this lesson

cohesion & reference

1 structure

Cohesion & reference
Making a text hold together with pronouns, signposts and repetition control.
I've got this
Rules & form
- ›Reference words: this, that, such, the former / the latter, the aforementioned.
- ›Substitution and ellipsis to avoid repetition.
- ›Signposting: firstly, in what follows, to return to, in short.
- ›Lexical chains: repeat a keyword or use a synonym rather than a vague it.
Examples
- “The pilot ran for eight weeks. This gave us enough data to model demand.”
- “We reviewed two vendors; the latter offered better SLAs.”
- “In short, the case for waiting is weak.”
Watch out · A bare this at the start of a sentence is often ambiguous — add a noun.
Your own example